2SkyMobile Team
Mar 23, 2026
Learn how eSIM wholesale works, who needs it, and how to launch your own eSIM reseller business with Multi-IMSI technology. Updated for 2026.
The global eSIM market is projected to reach $16.3 billion by 2027, growing at 17.8% annually — and the businesses capturing this growth are not retail consumers. They are resellers, travel platforms, fintech companies, and MVNOs that source connectivity in bulk and deliver it under their own brand. That business model is called eSIM wholesale, and it is fundamentally reshaping how mobile connectivity is distributed worldwide. In this guide, you will learn exactly how eSIM wholesale works, who benefits from it, what technology powers it, and how to evaluate providers before committing to a partnership. Whether you are planning to launch an eSIM reseller business or looking to add connectivity to an existing product, this is the operational foundation you need.
What is eSIM Wholesale? eSIM wholesale is a B2B distribution model in which a company purchases mobile data connectivity in large volumes from an infrastructure provider and resells it — typically under its own brand — to end users or downstream partners. The supply chain has four distinct layers: Infrastructure Provider → builds and maintains the physical network infrastructure, carrier agreements, and eSIM platform. This layer requires GSMA certification, bilateral roaming agreements with 500+ carriers, and significant capital investment. Wholesaler → aggregates connectivity from one or more infrastructure providers, adds platform capabilities (API, billing, analytics), and sells access to resellers at volume pricing. Companies like 2SkyMobile operate at this layer, offering coverage in 190+ countries through 600+ carrier networks. Reseller → purchases wholesale connectivity, applies their own brand, pricing, and customer experience, and sells eSIM plans directly to end users. This is typically a travel app, fintech platform, OTA, or MVNO. End User → the traveler, remote worker, or IoT device that consumes the data. The critical difference between wholesale and retail eSIM is not just price — it is control. Wholesale customers get API access, white-label capabilities, custom pricing tiers, and the ability to build a fully branded product. Retail customers get a fixed plan from a fixed brand with no customization.
How Does eSIM Wholesale Work? Multi-IMSI Technology The technical foundation of modern eSIM wholesale is Multi-IMSI — the ability for a single eSIM profile to carry multiple International Mobile Subscriber Identities simultaneously. In practical terms, this means a traveler's eSIM can automatically switch between local carrier networks in different countries without the user taking any action. A traditional SIM card is locked to one IMSI, which ties it to one carrier in one country. If that carrier has poor coverage or high roaming rates in a given region, the user suffers. Multi-IMSI solves this by storing 2–8 carrier profiles on a single eSIM and using intelligent routing logic to select the best available network in real time based on signal strength, latency, and cost. For wholesale resellers, Multi-IMSI means you can offer genuinely global coverage — not a patchwork of regional plans — under a single SKU. This dramatically simplifies your product catalog and improves the customer experience in markets where any single carrier has gaps. eSIM Profile Activation Process When an end user purchases an eSIM plan, the activation sequence works as follows:
User completes purchase on the reseller's platform Reseller's system calls the wholesale provider's API with plan parameters (data volume, validity, country/region) Provider's SM-DP+ server generates a unique eSIM profile and returns a QR code or activation code User scans the QR code or enters the activation code on their device Device downloads the eSIM profile over the air (OTA) in 15–45 seconds Profile activates and user is connected to the local network
The entire process from purchase to connected takes under 2 minutes on a modern device. No physical SIM. No shipping. No activation delays. The Role of API in Automation A production-grade eSIM wholesale platform exposes a RESTful API that automates every step of the reseller workflow: plan provisioning, profile generation, usage monitoring, top-up processing, and cancellation. A well-documented API with webhook support means a reseller's engineering team can integrate the full product in 2–4 weeks, compared to 3–6 months for traditional SIM distribution. Key API endpoints to look for: POST /profiles (create eSIM), GET /profiles/{id}/usage (real-time consumption), POST /profiles/{id}/topup (add data), DELETE /profiles/{id} (cancel). If a provider cannot show you OpenAPI documentation before you sign a contract, walk away.
Who Needs eSIM Wholesale? Travel Companies and OTAs Online travel agencies and travel apps have the most natural fit with eSIM wholesale. Their customers are already in the mindset of purchasing travel services digitally, and connectivity is a logical add-on to a flight or hotel booking. A travel platform processing 50,000 bookings per month that converts even 8% of customers to eSIM plans generates meaningful recurring revenue with zero physical inventory. Specific use case: a European OTA integrates 2SkyMobile's API into their checkout flow and offers 5GB/14-day regional eSIM plans for €9.99 as an upsell. The OTA earns 35–45% margin on each sale with no customer service overhead because activation is instant and automated. Fintech and Digital Banks Neobanks and digital wallets are actively adding connectivity as a value-added service to increase retention and daily active usage. A banking app that also manages your travel eSIM becomes harder to uninstall. For fintech companies, eSIM wholesale is not primarily a revenue stream — it is a retention and engagement tool. Specific use case: a digital bank issues a premium debit card that includes 1GB of free international data per month, sourced wholesale from a provider like 2SkyMobile at sub-$1/GB rates, and bundled into the card's annual fee. The bank increases card adoption by 23% and reduces churn in the premium tier. IoT Platform Providers Industrial IoT platforms — fleet management, smart metering, asset tracking — require global SIM connectivity for devices deployed across dozens of countries. eSIM wholesale with Multi-IMSI is the only scalable solution: a single eSIM SKU that works in 190+ countries, remotely managed via API, with no physical SIM swapping when a device crosses a border. Specific use case: a logistics company deploying GPS trackers across Europe and Southeast Asia sources Multi-IMSI eSIMs wholesale, reducing per-device connectivity cost by 40% compared to roaming SIMs and eliminating the operational overhead of managing country-specific SIM inventory. MVNOs and Virtual Operators Mobile Virtual Network Operators are the most sophisticated wholesale customers. An MVNO builds a full mobile brand — with its own number ranges, billing system, customer app, and support — on top of wholesale infrastructure. For MVNOs, the wholesale provider is essentially their network, and the relationship is long-term and deeply integrated. Specific use case: a startup MVNO targeting remote workers and digital nomads launches with 2SkyMobile's wholesale platform, going live in 12 weeks with coverage in 190 countries, a branded app, and automated billing — without building any network infrastructure.
Key Features to Look for in an eSIM Wholesale Provider Not all wholesale providers are equal. These are the six criteria that separate production-ready platforms from pilots: Global Coverage Depth — "190 countries" means nothing if those countries are covered by a single tier-3 carrier with 2G speeds. Ask for coverage maps with carrier names, network generations (4G/5G), and average speeds by country. Anything under 50 countries with genuine 4G LTE coverage is insufficient for a travel product. Multi-IMSI Support — single-IMSI wholesale products will fail in markets where the primary carrier has outages or poor indoor coverage. Require at least 2 carrier options per major market, with automatic failover documented in the SLA. Real-Time API with SLAs — the API must have documented uptime guarantees (99.9% minimum), response time SLAs (under 500ms for profile provisioning), and a sandbox environment for integration testing. Absence of a sandbox is a red flag. White-Label Capabilities — a genuine white-label platform lets you remove all provider branding from the customer-facing experience: QR codes, activation emails, support portal, and mobile app. Partial white-labeling (your logo, their domain) is not sufficient for building a durable brand. Billing and Analytics — real-time usage dashboards, automated invoicing, multi-currency settlement, and revenue analytics are table stakes. You cannot run a profitable eSIM business on monthly CSV exports. Compliance Certifications — require SOC 2 Type II (data security), GSMA SAS-SM (eSIM platform security), and ISO 27001 (information security management). For payments, PCI DSS Level 1. These are not optional for enterprise customers or regulated industries.
How to Launch Your eSIM Reseller Business Step 1: Choose Your Target Market Define your customer segment before approaching any provider. The requirements for a travel eSIM product (high volume, low data per user, 150+ countries) are completely different from an IoT product (low volume, high data per device, 30 countries). Your target market determines the coverage requirements, pricing model, and API integration scope you need. Step 2: Select a Wholesale Provider Use the criteria above. Request a sandbox API key before signing anything and test provisioning, activation, and cancellation end-to-end. Ask for references from customers in your vertical. Review the SLA carefully — specifically the compensation model for downtime. Step 3: Integrate via API or White-Label Store If you have an engineering team, API integration gives you the most flexibility. Typical integration timeline: 2 weeks for basic provisioning, 4 weeks for full automation including top-ups, webhooks, and usage alerts. If you do not have engineering resources, a white-label store (pre-built web and mobile app with your branding) gets you to market in 2–4 weeks with zero custom development. The trade-off is less flexibility for custom flows. Step 4: Set Pricing and Launch eSIM wholesale margins typically range from 30–60% depending on volume commitments and target market. Price benchmarking: regional travel eSIMs (Europe, 5GB/30 days) retail at €8–15. Wholesale cost at volume is €3–6. Build your pricing model before launch, not after. Step 5: Scale with Analytics Once live, use your platform's analytics to identify your highest-margin markets, most popular plan durations, and customer churn patterns. Most profitable eSIM businesses in year two have narrowed their catalog from 50+ plans to 8–12 high-conversion SKUs.
eSIM Wholesale vs Retail: Key Differences FeatureWholesaleRetailMinimum volume100–1,000 profiles/month1 profilePricing$0.50–3.00/GB at volume$5–15/GBBrandingFull white-labelProvider brand onlyAPI accessFull REST API + webhooksNoneCustomizationPlans, pricing, UX, appFixed plans onlySupportDedicated account managerTicket-basedBillingMonthly invoice, net-30Card on fileIntegration time2–4 weeksInstant
Frequently Asked Questions What is the difference between eSIM wholesale and retail? eSIM wholesale is a B2B model where businesses purchase connectivity in bulk at discounted rates and resell it under their own brand, with full API access and white-label capabilities. Retail eSIM is a consumer model where an end user purchases a single plan directly from a provider at full price with no customization or resale rights. The key operational difference is control: wholesale customers can set their own pricing, build their own customer experience, and automate the entire lifecycle via API. Wholesale pricing is typically 60–80% lower per GB than retail at comparable volumes. How many countries does eSIM wholesale typically cover? Coverage varies significantly by provider. Entry-level wholesale providers cover 50–80 countries, usually with limited carrier diversity. Mid-tier providers cover 100–150 countries. Enterprise-grade providers like 2SkyMobile cover 190+ countries through 600+ carrier networks, with Multi-IMSI failover in major markets. For a travel product to be commercially viable, you need genuine 4G LTE coverage in at least the top 40 travel destinations, which account for over 80% of international travel volume. Always verify coverage with actual speed test data, not just a country count. What is Multi-IMSI and why does it matter for resellers? Multi-IMSI is a technology that allows a single eSIM profile to store and switch between multiple carrier identities (IMSIs) automatically. For resellers, this matters because it eliminates the need to manage country-specific SIM SKUs — one product works everywhere, and the platform automatically selects the best available carrier in each location. Without Multi-IMSI, a reseller either needs dozens of regional products (operational complexity) or accepts that their single-carrier product will have coverage gaps in markets where that carrier underperforms. Multi-IMSI also provides resilience: if one carrier has an outage, the eSIM switches to a backup carrier with no user action required. How long does it take to launch an eSIM reseller business? With a white-label platform, the timeline is 2–6 weeks from contract signing to first sale: 1 week for legal and commercial setup, 1–2 weeks for branding and store customization, 1 week for testing and QA, and a few days for soft launch. With a custom API integration, add 2–4 weeks of engineering time. The fastest path to market is a white-label web store for the initial launch, followed by a custom mobile app integration once you have validated product-market fit. The bottleneck is rarely technical — it is usually the commercial negotiation and legal review that takes the most time. What certifications should an eSIM wholesale provider have? The minimum certification set for a production-grade eSIM wholesale provider is: GSMA SAS-SM (Security Accreditation Scheme for Subscription Management) — this is the industry standard for eSIM platform security and is required by Apple and Android for QR-code based eSIM provisioning. SOC 2 Type II — demonstrates that security, availability, and confidentiality controls have been independently audited over a minimum 6-month period. ISO 27001 — information security management system certification. For providers handling payments, PCI DSS Level 1 is required. Ask for the actual audit reports, not just claims — any legitimate provider will share these under NDA.
Conclusion eSIM wholesale is the infrastructure layer behind every branded eSIM product you see in travel apps, fintech platforms, and IoT deployments. The business model is straightforward: purchase connectivity at volume, add your brand and customer experience, and distribute at margin. The complexity is in selecting the right infrastructure partner — one with genuine global coverage, Multi-IMSI technology, a production-grade API, and the compliance certifications that enterprise customers and regulated industries require. The market window is open now. eSIM adoption is accelerating across all device categories, consumer awareness is at an all-time high, and the barrier to launching a reseller business has dropped dramatically with white-label platforms that get you live in weeks. Ready to launch your eSIM business? Contact 2SkyMobile to discuss wholesale pricing, API access, and white-label options for your use case.